CBS News
Pro-Palestinian protests spread, get more heated as schools’ reactions differ
Dozens of protesters took over a building at Columbia University in New York early Tuesday, barricading the entrances and unfurling a Palestinian flag out a window in the latest escalation of demonstrations against the Israel-Hamas war that have spread to college campuses nationwide.
Video footage showed protesters on Columbia’s Manhattan campus locking arms in front of Hamilton Hall early Tuesday and carrying furniture and metal barricades to the building, one of several that was occupied during a 1968 civil rights and anti-Vietnam War protest on the campus. Posts on an Instagram page for protest organizers shortly after midnight urged people to protect the encampment and join them at Hamilton Hall.
“An autonomous group reclaimed Hind’s Hall, previously known as “Hamilton Hall,” in honor of Hind Rajab, a martyr murdered at the hands of the genocidal Israeli state at the age of six years old,” CU Apartheid Divest posted on X, formerly known as Twitter, early Tuesday.
Alex Kent / Getty Images
The student radio station, WKCR-FM, broadcasted a play-by-play of the hall’s takeover – which occurred nearly 12 hours after Monday’s 2 p.m. deadline for the protesters to leave an encampment of around 120 tents or face suspension.
In the X post, protestors said they planned to remain at the hall until the university conceded to the CUAD’s three demands: divestment, financial transparency and amnesty.
Columbia junior Jessica Schwalb told CBS News the campus is “lawless. Utter ancarchy.” She said demonstrators in Hamilton Hall “zip-tied the doorhandles together and then broke the windows, bashed the windows with hammers and put these metal bike locks around the door handles. They put the bike lock on the first set of doors is what I saw and then they were bringing tables, the heavy black metal tables from the eating area that’s right in front of Hamilton Hall, and had a group of people push them up against the door handles as a barricade and then people were also bringing furniture from Hamilton Hall to barricade inside.”
Alex Kent / Getty Images
Columbia issued an advisory overnight saying in part, “Early this morning, a group of protestors occupied Hamilton Hall on the Morningside campus. In light of the protest activity on campus, members of the University community who can avoid coming to the Morningside campus today (Tuesday, April 30) should do so; essential personnel should report to work according to university policy.”
The big picture
Universities across the U.S. are grappling with how to clear out encampments as commencement ceremonies approach, with some continuing negotiations and others turning to force and ultimatums that have resulted in clashes with police.
Dozens of people were arrested Monday during protests at universities in Texas, Utah and Virginia, while Columbia said hours before the takeover of Hamilton Hall that it had started suspending students.
Demonstrators are sparring over the Israel-Hamas war and its mounting death toll, and the number of arrests at campuses nationwide is approaching 1,000 as the final days of class wrap up. The outcry is forcing colleges to reckon with their financial ties to Israel as well as their support for free speech. Some Jewish students say the protests have veered into antisemitism and made them afraid to set foot on campus.
The plight of students who have been arrested has become a central part of protests, with the students and a growing number of faculty demanding amnesty for protesters. At issue is whether the suspensions and legal records will follow students through their adult lives.
Schools taking various approaches
At the University of Texas at Austin, an attorney said at least 40 demonstrators were arrested Monday. The confrontation was an escalation on the 53,000-student campus in the state’s capital, where more than 50 protesters were arrested last week.
Later Monday, dozens of officers in riot gear at the University of Utah sought to break up an encampment outside the university president’s office that went up in the afternoon. Police dragged students off by their hands and feet, snapping the poles holding up tents and zip-tying those who refused to disperse. Seventeen people were arrested. The university says it’s against code to camp overnight on school property and that the students were given several warnings to disperse before police were called in.
The Texas protest and others – including in Canada and Europe – grew out of Columbia’s early demonstrations that have continued.
On Monday, student activists defied the 2 p.m. deadline to leave the encampment. Instead, hundreds of protesters remained. A handful of counter-demonstrators waved Israeli flags, and one held a sign reading, “Where are the anti-Hamas chants?”
While the university didn’t call police to roust the demonstrators, school spokesperson Ben Chang said suspensions had started but could provide few details. Protest organizers said they were not aware of any suspensions as of Monday evening.
Columbia’s handling of the demonstrations also has prompted federal complaints.
A class-action lawsuit on behalf of Jewish students alleges a breach of contract by Columbia, claiming the university failed to maintain a safe learning environment, despite policies and promises. It also challenges the move away from in-person classes and seeks quick court action requiring Columbia to provide security for the students.
Meanwhile, a legal group representing pro-Palestinian students is urging the U.S. Department of Education’s civil rights office to investigate Columbia’s compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for how they have been treated.
A university spokesperson declined to comment on the complaints.
In a rare case, Northwestern University said it reached an agreement with students and faculty who represent the majority of protesters on its campus near Chicago. It allows peaceful demonstrations through the June 1 end of spring classes and in exchange, requires removal of all tents except one for aid, and restricts the demonstration area to allow only students, faculty and staff unless the university approves otherwise.
At the University of Southern California, organizers of a large encampment sat down with university President Carol Folt for about 90 minutes on Monday. Folt declined to discuss details but said she heard the concerns of protesters and talks would continue Tuesday.
USC sparked a controversy April 15 when officials refused to allow the valedictorian, who has publicly supported Palestinians, to make a commencement speech, citing nonspecific security concerns for their rare decision. Administrators then scrapped the keynote speech by filmmaker Jon M. Chu, who is an alumnus, and declined to award any honorary degrees.
The backlash, as well as Columbia’s demonstrations, inspired the encampment and protests on campus last week week where 90 people were arrested by police in riot gear. The university has canceled its main graduation event.
Administrators elsewhere tried to salvage their commencements and several have ordered the clearing of encampments in recent days. When those efforts have failed, officials threatened discipline, including suspension, and possible arrest.
But students dug in their heels at other high-profile universities, with standoffs continuing at Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, Yale and others. Police in riot gear at Virginia Commonwealth University sought to break up an encampment there late Monday and clashed with protesters.
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Waves of election results will begin coming in Tuesday night after polls close throughout the country, but in many key states it may take a while to know who has won — and much longer to get official, certified results.
There are a number of reasons it can take longer for ballots to be counted in some states, including the rise of mail-in voting, an option taken by nearly one-third of voters nationwide during the 2022 midterm elections, according to the MIT Election Lab. Some states allow mail-in ballots to be counted before Election Day, while others do not allow poll workers to start counting those ballots until in-person voting has come to an end.
CBS News considers seven states to be battleground states in the 2024 presidential election. Here’s a breakdown of those states’ rules around official ballot counts and certification.
Arizona
Polls close in Arizona at 7 p.m. local time (9 p.m. ET).
Arizona has allowed voting by mail for over two decades, and approximately 80% of voters in the state vote by mail. Ballot processing and tallying in the state can begin when the ballots are received by election workers, but results may not be released before all precincts have reported or one hour after the polls close on Election Day, whichever is sooner. Releasing information earlier is a felony in Arizona.
University of Arizona professor Christopher Weber, who leads the Arizona Voter Project, said it could be nearly two weeks before every vote is tallied in the state’s most populous county.
“The polls are really close in Arizona, and Maricopa [County] is expecting 10 to 13 days to count all votes,” Weber said. “I – like others – anticipate delays. Though we may have predictions beforehand, it’s really difficult to say. I don’t remember a time in which polling was so close.”
County elections officials are responsible for the counting of ballots in federal, state and county elections, according to the state elections website. Early and provisional ballots first undergo signature verification at a county recorder’s office, and counties can begin tabulating votes once early voting has begun. Most early ballots will be counted before Election Day, while those that are received on Election Day will be tabulated in the days immediately afterward.
An automatic recount is triggered if the margin of the votes between two candidates is 0.5 percentage points or fewer. Recounts may not be requested in Arizona.
Since 2020, the state has been the epicenter of a campaign among Trump supporters to undermine trust in the nation’s election systems, leading elections officials in the state’s largest county to erect a veritable fortress to defend the center where votes are counted.
Georgia
Polls close in Georgia at 7 p.m. ET.
Absentee ballot voting in Georgia plummeted after the 2020 election, when more than 1.3 million residents availed themselves of that option. During the 2022 midterm elections, that figure was below 300,000, a figure advocates blamed on a controversial 2021 law that reduced access to ballot drop boxes, increased restrictions on mailed ballots and introduced other rules like banning food and drink distribution to voters in line by non-poll workers.
That legislation was among a string of changes implemented in the last four years by the state’s Republican-dominated government. In September, Georgia’s State Election Board approved a requirement that ballots be counted by hand after machines tally the votes. But that and other recently adopted rules were blocked by Georgia judges who concluded they were adopted too close to Election Day.
Emory University professor Andra Gillespie said if the race is close, once again it may take time for it to become clear who’s won.
“In general, I want to prepare people for the possibility that it may take a couple of days to count, and just because it may take a couple of days, that doesn’t mean people are manipulating the system,” Gillespie said.
Georgia law requires that the vote be certified “not later than 5:00 P.M. on the Monday following” the election, but since this year that Monday falls on Nov. 11, Veteran’s Day, that deadline has been moved to the following day, Tuesday, Nov. 12.
The deadline for either candidate to request a recount is two days later, Thursday, Nov. 14. In Georgia, a losing candidate may petition for a recount when results are within 0.5% of total votes cast for the office.
Michigan
The last polls close in Michigan at 9 p.m. ET. (While polling places in much of the state are in the eastern time zone and close at 8 p.m., some western counties are on central time.)
About 42% of Michigan voters in 2022, 1.9 million, cast absentee ballots, down from 59% in the 2020 presidential election, according to local news site MLive.com.
Oakland University professor David Dulio said it can be hard to predict when the state’s winner will be apparent, because “elections in Michigan are very decentralized.”
“Our elections are run by 1,600 different local clerks who all have to do all of that work and then send it up the chain. That has the potential to slow things down,” Dulio said. He added that the state’s largest city, Detroit, “is notoriously slow,” and its third largest city, Warren, will not be taking advantage of a relatively new state law allowing clerks to pre-process absentee ballots up to eight days before Election Day.
County boards of canvassers have up to 14 days after the election to complete their official counts, which are then turned over to a state board. The Secretary of the Board of State Canvassers must announce a winner by Nov. 25.
In the event of a close race — with the two candidates separated by fewer than 25,000 votes — Michigan law encourages the state board to expedite its canvass “as soon as practicable.”
If the candidates are within 2,000 votes, an automatic recount is triggered, but it must be completed within 30 days of the election.
Nevada
Polls close in Nevada at 7 p.m. PT (10 p.m. ET).
Beginning in 2022, Nevada became one of eight states to conduct all-mail elections, in which every citizen is delivered a vote-by-mail ballot with a pre-paid postage, though in-person voting at polling locations is also allowed.
The state’s board of county commissioners is required to complete county-level canvasses by Nov. 15, which is 10 days after the election.
Sondra Cosgrove, a professor at the College of Southern Nevada who runs the nonprofit Vote Nevada, said it shouldn’t take quite that long to know who’s won.
“We are assuming we will know by November 9,” Cosgrove said.
Either candidate can demand a recount by Nov. 18, and that recount must begin within a day and be completed within five days, Nov. 24 at the latest. That’s because on the fourth Tuesday of the month — Nov. 26 — the secretary of state is required to meet with Nevada’s Supreme Court justices to conduct a statewide canvass. The governor then certifies the election.
North Carolina
Polls close in North Carolina at 7:30 p.m. ET.
This year, both turnout and ballot processing could be impacted by the destruction of Hurricane Helene. The storm wreaked havoc across wide swaths of the western half of the state in late September, displacing residents and destroying infrastructure, including polling locations.
The North Carolina State Board of Elections approved emergency measures on Oct. 7 with the goal of improving access to voting for residents of 13 counties affected by the storm.
County election boards are required by state law in North Carolina to meet at 11 a.m. on Nov. 15 to complete their canvases. The State Board of Elections is required to meet on the Tuesday three weeks after the election, Nov. 26. If there are no protests to the results, that board must issue a certification of the election six days later.
A mandatory recount is triggered if the two candidates are separated by less than half a percent, and one of the candidates formally requests to have the votes counted again. That request must be made by noon on Nov. 17, two days after the county-level canvass.
Pennsylvania
Polls close in Pennsylvania at 8 p.m. ET.
Under Pennsylvania law, counties cannot begin counting mail-in and absentee ballots until 7 a.m. on Election Day. In 2020, that was the beginning of a laborious process to log more than 2.7 million votes returned by mail. Full returns are processed beginning at 9 a.m. on the third day after the election, or Nov. 8 this year.
The state, viewed by many as a crucial must-win for both candidates, was beset by lawsuits in 2020 — most of which were dismissed or dropped — as Trump and his allies sought to stymie Mr. Biden’s growing lead in the hours and days after polls closed and ballots were counted.
This year, Pennsylvania’s Supreme Court in August issued an order expediting election-related cases. The order shortened the window in which a lower court decision can be appealed, from 10 days to three.
University of Pennsylvania professor Marc Meredith said the vast majority of ballots will be counted relatively quickly.
“We’ll get our first vote reports from many counties quite quickly after polls close. These will often be all of the mail ballots that people were able to get through by then,” Meredith said. “Nearly all Election Day votes should mostly be reported by early Wednesday morning.”
But if the race is as close as expected, it could hinge on votes that are slower to tally.
“Provisional ballots typically are reported out in smaller counties on Thursday through Monday in the larger counties,” Meredith said.
A recount and recanvass is automatically triggered in the state if the unofficial election returns, due by Nov. 12, show the candidates separated by less than 0.5%. The recount would be required to be completed by Nov. 26.
Wisconsin
Polls close in Wisconsin at 8 p.m. CT (9 p.m. ET).
Barry Burden, Director of the University of Wisconsin’s Elections Research Center, said, “typically 2 to 2 ½ hours after polls close, we start to get a pretty good picture of the state,” but he noted Milwaukee takes longer.
“It’s the biggest city, and it has the most ballots, and it also counts absentee ballots at a central location,” Burden said. “That’ll be after midnight, 1 (a.m.) or 2 a.m.”
Most town and city clerks in Wisconsin are required to deliver tallies to their county clerks by 4 p.m. the day after the election, or by 4 p.m. the following day if the municipality uses a municipal board of absentee ballot canvassers to canvass absentee ballots.
And a county board of canvassers has until Nov. 19 to deliver certified vote statements to the Wisconsin Elections Commission. The chair of that commission is required to certify the election by Dec. 1, according to state law.
After the final county is delivered its results to the commission, a candidate can seek a recount if the race is within 1%.
When polls close in other states
(All times local)
- Alabama: 7 p.m.
- Alaska: 8 p.m.
- Arkansas: 7:30 p.m.
- California: 8 p.m.
- Colorado: 7 p.m.
- Connecticut: 8 p.m.
- Delaware: 8 p.m.
- District of Columbia: 8 p.m.
- Florida: 7 p.m.
- Hawaii: 7 p.m.
- Idaho: 8 p.m.
- Illinois: 7 p.m.
- Indiana: 6 p.m.
- Iowa: 8 p.m.
- Kansas: 7 p.m.
- Kentucky: 6 p.m.
- Louisiana: 8 p.m.
- Maine: 8 p.m.
- Maryland: 8 p.m.
- Massachusetts: 8 p.m.
- Minnesota: 8 p.m.
- Mississippi: 7 p.m.
- Missouri: 7 p.m.
- Montana: 8 p.m.
- New Hampshire: 7 p.m., though local municipalities are allowed to stay open later.
- New Jersey: 8 p.m.
- New Mexico: 7 p.m.
- New York: 9 p.m.
- North Dakota: Between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m. depending on location.
- Ohio: 7:30 p.m.
- Oklahoma: 7 p.m.
- Oregon: 8 p.m.
- Rhode Island: 8 p.m.
- South Carolina: 7 p.m.
- South Dakota: 7 p.m.
- Tennessee: 8 p.m. ET, 7 p.m. CT.
- Texas: 7 p.m.
- Utah: 8 p.m.
- Vermont: 7 p.m.
- Virginia: 7 p.m.
- Washington: 8 p.m.
- West Virginia: 7:30 p.m.
- Wyoming: 7 p.m.