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60 Minutes Archive: Coverage of North Korea
This week on 60 Minutes, correspondent Sharyn Alfonsi reported on Christopher Ahn, an American citizen embroiled in an international case involving America, Spain, and North Korea. Ahn, who’s part of an activist group that broke into the North Korean embassy in Madrid, Spain, in 2019, says he was attempting to help North Korean embassy staff defect. North Korea says the incident was an attempted kidnapping that amounted to a “terrorist attack.”
To understand the stakes of Ahn’s decision — and why North Koreas may want to defect from their own homeland — we turned to some of 60 Minutes’ decades-long coverage of North Korea. Reporting on the hermit kingdom is challenging; North Korea is one of the world’s most isolated countries. But over the years, 60 Minutes has found a way inside.
From images of hospitals without food or medicine to a look at the continuing military threat the country poses, here are some of the highlights of 60 Minutes’ North Korea coverage.
2003: North Korea
During his 2002 State of the Union address, President George W. Bush labeled North Korea as part of an “axis of evil,” in reference to the country’s nuclear ambitions. Later that year, during an interview with journalist Bob Woodward, Bush said, “I loathe Kim Jong Il. I’ve got a visceral reaction to this guy because he is starving his people.”
To get a sense of how dire the situation was, 60 Minutes correspondent Mike Wallace spoke with Dr. Norbert Vollertsen, a German family physician, who had recently spent a year and a half in North Korea as a member of a German group providing medical aid there. Vollertsen told Wallace he was stunned by what he saw and was able to capture on videotape.
“These are little children in [a] children’s hospital, eight years old, six years old, some of them 15 years old, but looking like a 10-year-old, because they are suffering from malnutrition,” Vollertsen said in the 2003 report. “But what shocked me mainly was how they are looking, how sad. There’s no more emotional reaction in those eyes. They can’t cry anymore. They can’t laugh anymore.”
Vollertsen relayed the situation in North Korea hospitals. As he was able to capture on video, some hospitals had to use empty beer bottles to hold fluid for an IV; many other hospitals had simply given up and shut down.
“In North Korean hospitals, there is nothing,” Vollertsen told 60 Minutes at the time. “There is no running water, no heating system, there is no soap. There is no medicine. That’s the reality in North Korea. And nobody knows about that.”
2004: Lost in Translation
Isolated from the outside world, most North Koreans know only what they are told, and in 2004, Mike Wallace reported on one form of propaganda the North Korean regime was using to indoctrinate hate toward America.
Wallace spoke with Dutch reporter Miriam Bartelsman, who had received rare permission to visit Pyongyang to see how North Korea was using “The Diary of a Young Girl” — the chronicle of Anne Frank, a young Jewish girl in hiding from the Nazis during World War II — to teach students to fear and hate America.
Anne Frank’s plea for peace and freedom got lost in translation. The isolated country was not using her diary to teach how the young girl had suffered at the hands of Nazis. Instead, the regime used it to warn the North Korean students how they could suffer at the hands of those they called “American Nazis.”
Dutch reporter Bartelsman saw — and filmed — as, time and again, a North Korean teacher instructed her students what to say and watched as the young students repeated the propaganda verbatim. When she asked a student if concentration camps, like those used in Nazi Germany, still exist, the student responded: “Yes, I think such camps still exist. As long as there are American Nazis, there will be secret places where innocent people are murdered. Places like that exist in America.”
2005: 39 Years, 6 Months, 4 Days
In 2005, Scott Pelley got an unusual look at North Korea: through the eyes of an American who had lived there for four decades.
He spoke with Charles Robert Jenkins, a former U.S. soldier who, in 1965, had deserted to North Korea while patrolling the border with South Korea. Jenkins told Pelley he betrayed his country because he had been asked to lead more aggressive patrols on the border and said he was also afraid his unit might ship out to Vietnam. Instead, he walked across the border and surrendered to a North Korean soldier. Jenkins was just 24 at the time.
“I knew I made a mistake,” he said. “I made a lot of mistakes in my life maybe, but that was the worst mistake anybody could ever make, that’s for sure.”
Among the hardships he endured, Jenkins’ tattoo with the words “US Army” inked into his forearm was cut out of his skin with scissors — and no anesthetic. The government then arranged his marriage to a Japanese woman who had been kidnapped by North Korean agents. She was later released and returned to Japan, where Jenkins was eventually able to follow her.
60 Minutes cameras were rolling as he reunited with another woman: his 91-year-old mother in North Carolina, whom he had not seen in almost 40 years.
“I love you,” she told him. “I didn’t think you ever would get here.”
2017: The North Korean threat
Throughout 2017, North Korea conducted more than a dozen missile tests. In February of that year, Bill Whitaker reported on the continuing military threat dictator Kim Jong-un posed to the world with his nuclear weapons and his pursuit of an intercontinental ballistic missile.
Whitaker spoke to the then-commander of the 28,000 American troops in South Korea, General Vincent Brooks, who explained how tense the situation was at the border with North Korea.
“What it takes to go from the condition we’re in at this moment to hostilities again is literally the matter of a decision on North Korea’s side to say ‘fire,'” Brooks said. “And on top of this we have the missile capability that’s been developed, over 120 missiles fired just in the time of Kim Jong-un alone.”
Whitaker also spoke to Thae Yong-ho, North Korea’s former deputy ambassador in London before becoming the highest-ranking North Korean to defect in decades.
Thae told Whitaker his job in London had been to spread North Korean propaganda and report back on his colleagues. However, Thae said he had lost all faith in the regime when Kim Jong-un killed his own uncle in 2013 and executed dozens of perceived enemies, including diplomats. Thae told Whitaker he knew he could not let on that his views had changed. If he had, he said he and his family would be sent to prison camps, including his oldest son back in North Korea.
“All North Korean diplomats are forced to leave one of their children back in Pyongyang as a hostage,” Thae explained.
However, that policy unexpectedly changed. When Thae’s oldest son was eventually allowed to join the family in London, they all agreed to defect.
Regarding Kim Jong-un’s tests of long-range weapons, Thae told 60 Minutes the missiles were part of Kim’s raging obsession with the survival of his regime.
“Kim Jong-un’s capability to wreak harm, not only to America but also South Korea and the world, should not be underestimated,” Thae said.
An unmade bed
A library book 12 years overdue
The next day’s outfit
Notes to her future self
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How do you make a portrait of a child who isn’t there? Photographer Lou Bopp found a way, but it wasn’t easy.
In early 2018, I was deplaning after an 18-hour flight when Steve Hartman called. He had an idea: to photograph the still-intact bedrooms of kids who had been killed in school shootings.
It’s a headful. And six years later, I still don’t have an “elevator pitch” for the project — but then, I don’t often talk about this project. It is by far the most difficult I have ever worked on.
When Steve, my friend of about 25 years, asked me if I would like to be involved, I said yes without hesitation — even though I didn’t think we would get any families to agree. There is no way that I would have said no to partnering with him on this.
Emotionally, I was not sure how I would get through it. Within a few months I was on my way to Parkland, Florida. Alone. I’m not sure that I realized that I would be on my own.
But here I was. An on-location commercial photographer who focuses on people and pets to create compelling, honest, textural and connective moments for large brands, per my LinkedIn professional profile, on a project where there is no one to take photos of — for the most brutal of reasons.
How do you make a portrait of a child who is not there?
In each of these children’s rooms — the most sacred of places for these families — there was the sense that the child had just been there, and was coming right back. It was as if they’d just left their room like that when they went to school in the morning and were returning in the afternoon.
I wanted to capture that essence.
Most kids’ bedrooms are their very own special places, and these were no different. I looked everywhere, without touching anything. I photographed inside trash cans, under beds, behind desks. Their personalities shone through in the smallest of details — hair ties on a doorknob, a toothpaste tube left uncapped, a ripped ticket for a school event — allowing me to uncover glimpses as to who they were.
But there was an emotional challenge in addition to that creative one. Over the course of more than six years, we visited with many families around the country. The parents I spoke with seemed grateful that I was there. But each time I received a call or text from Steve about a new family, my heart sank.
It meant another family had lost a child.
I find it unfathomable that children being killed at school is even an issue. It makes no sense. It’s impossible to process. The night prior to each one of the family visits, I didn’t sleep. And I knew I wouldn’t going into the project. It’s not a self-fulfilling prophecy. It is nerves. And empathy. And sorrow. And fear.
In my notes from early on in the project, back in 2018, writing in seat 6H on the flight back from Nairobi, I reflected on the emotional task ahead.
“This is going to be one of the most difficult things ever, emotionally, for me, and not just work related. As I read my research documents, I get visibly emotional,” I wrote, noting my gratitude that the dark cabin prevented the other passengers from seeing me.
The prospect brought my own fears to the fore, both for myself — “I can’t help thinking about Rose,” my daughter, “and what if. I’ve lost sleep over envisioning the what-ifs well before Parkland” — and about and for meeting the families in the project: “When I read about April & Phillip and Lori’s plight, I somehow, for some reason put myself in their emotional position even though that is impossible, I have no idea, it’s beyond comprehension, I do not know what they feel. I do not know what I am going to say to them, I’m scared beyond belief. And alone.”
But just days later, I was photographing the first assignment for the project: Alyssa Alhadeff’s room. She was just 14 years old when she walked out of that room to head to Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School. I was shaky meeting the family friend who greeted me at the house. Her daughter was Alyssa’s best friend, and a photo of the two girls was on the table.
According to my notes, “The room was a beautiful teenager’s messy room. My emotions were kept in check the way that they usually are; By hiding behind the camera. I removed my shoes before entering. My heart was pounding and it reverberated through my body and soul, I felt like I was in one of the most sacred and special places on Earth. I was so careful not to touch anything.”
I left feeling ready to explode in sadness and anger.
Later that day, I photographed Carmen Schentrup’s room. Her younger sister had survived the Parkland shooting, but 16-year-old Carmen was killed in her AP Psychology class. Meeting her parents, April and Phillip, was what I was most scared of.
“I feel so much pain and compassion for them and I don’t want to say the wrong thing, drop cliches etc.,” I wrote at the time. “I spoke to Steve for guidance. He said, just be you. That’s all I can do. Just be me. He was right, those three words helped carry me through this entire project. Just be me.”
April let me in, and I worked quickly, only meeting Phillip as I was leaving. “The conversation felt like we all three were just trying to hold it together. I cannot imagine what they are going through, my heart hurts for them. This was / is such a painful project, and reconciling it will be impossible.
“I think about how anything can happen at any time to any of us. Literally. You never know,” I wrote.
After only about 16 hours on the ground in Florida, I was done with the first portion. I felt the project was a must, but I also dreaded the next call from Steve about the next family. I didn’t know when that call would come — many years later, or the very next day, possibly never.
But last month, we — and the documentary crew that filmed us working — completed this project. While I haven’t seen it yet, I know Steve’s piece won’t be a typical Steve Hartman segment. How could it be? I know he struggled too, and we both have spent a lot of time processing this.
I remember one August evening, I was devastated as I left the home of one of the families. Within minutes, I passed an ice cream shop crowded with other families — seemingly carefree, full of joy and laughter. The juxtaposition, mere minutes apart, cracked my soul.
I hope some way, somehow, this project can facilitate change — the only possible positive outcome for this I could comprehend. After the news cycle ends, these families will still be living with an incomprehensible nightmare.
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Standing on the threshold of grief, documenting the bedrooms of kids killed in school shootings
I never wanted to be this kind of reporter, knocking on the door of someone who lost a child in a school shooting. And yet there I stood, knocking, nonetheless.
I found myself here, standing on the threshold of grief across the country, after years of pent-up frustration. By 2018, America’s school shooting epidemic had taken a toll on me. There were so many that the news coverage felt like a treadmill. It seemed to me the country had grown numb and lost its empathy for the victims and the families. I wanted to do something.
For help, I reached out to Lou Bopp, one of the best still photographers in the country. But he said he had never faced a challenge quite like this: “to take a portrait of a person who’s not there.”
On March 27, 2023, Chad and Jada Scruggs lost their daughter, Hallie, in the Covenant School shooting in Nashville. She was 9 years old, the youngest of four, and their only daughter.
Looking back at photos of Hallie, Chad recalled how she loved sports and had “more stitches than any of her brothers.”
“It was just a lot of fun having a daughter,” Jada said.
“We had a chance to have her for 9 and a half years, and that was far better than not having her at all,” Chad said.
But their goodbye isn’t quite complete. They’re still living with her bedroom.
Over the past six years, eight families from five school shootings invited us into these sacred spaces, allowing Americans to see what it’s like to live with an empty child’s bedroom.
We traveled to Uvalde, Texas, where a gunman killed 19 children and two teachers at Robb Elementary School, including 9-year-old Jackie Cazares.
Jackie’s parents Javier and Gloria say people are always telling them that they can’t imagine what they’re going through. But they say we need to imagine, and that’s why they invited us in.
“It just makes everything more real for the public, for the world,” Gloria said. “Her room completely just speaks of who she was.”
In Jackie’s room, we saw the chocolate she saved for a day that never came, evidence of the dream vacation she never got to take, and the pajamas she never wore again.
It struck us how many of the rooms remained virtually untouched, years after the shooting.
Frank and Nancy Blackwell lost their 14-year-old son Dominic in the Saugus High School tragedy near Los Angeles. That was 2019, but inside his room, it felt like it was yesterday.
“We just decided to keep everything as it was from when he last went to school that day,” Frank said. “He didn’t prepare his room to be photographed. He didn’t put away his stuffed animals because he was worried about who might see it. He woke up, he got dressed, and he left to go to school. And he thought he was coming back. And we all expected him to come back.”
So many rooms wait for a child that will never return.
Charlotte Bacon was murdered in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012, six weeks after Halloween. Her room holds the last library book the 6-year-old checked out, now 12 years overdue.
Luke Hoyer, 15, was killed in Parkland, Florida, on Valentine’s Day in 2018. When we visited his home, his bed was just as he left it.
Alyssa Alhadeff, 14, was also killed in the Parkland shooting. The whirlwind that was her room had fallen still.
Carmen Schentrup was yet another Parkland victim. The watch she got for her 16th birthday still ticks, but the motivational sayings that filled her room resonate no more.
The decision to either keep a room as it was or pack it up and repurpose it tortures many parents.
Bryan and Cindy Muhlberger lost their 15-year-old daughter, Gracie, in the Saugus shooting. They told us they often talk about what to do with her room.
“Because when I do go in there, I feel her presence,” Cindy told us.
Bryan wondered, “And so when that time comes that the room is not there, does she go away?”
I didn’t realize what an albatross the rooms are for some families.
“I will just say I have a pretty confusing relationship with [Hallie’s] room now,” Chad said. It’s extremely painful, but there’s a lot of moments where you want to be sad — because the sadness is a part of connecting with her.”
Hallie’s room also brings them smiles, too, Chad and Jada told us as they showed us a kitty cat hoodie that Hallie wore all the time.
The rooms really are a rainbow of emotion, all at once tender as a lullaby and shocking as a crime scene. Clues gather dust, leading us past all the places these kids had been up until that very moment when everything stopped so suddenly that there wasn’t even time to close the lid on the toothpaste tube.
In the end, we took more than 10,000 photographs. These parents hope that at least one of these pictures will stick with you, that you will forever carry a piece of their pain and use that heartache to stem the tide of all these empty rooms.
Photographing the rooms of kids killed in school shootings
How do you make a portrait of a child who isn’t there? Photographer Lou Bopp found a way, but it wasn’t easy.
A clever wolf repeatedly snuck into a Minnesota ranch. Biologists with the Voyageurs Wolf Project figured out its MO.
Photographing the rooms of kids killed in school shootings
How do you make a portrait of a child who isn’t there? Photographer Lou Bopp found a way, but it wasn’t easy.