The American Civil Liberties Union and several migrant rights groups filed a lawsuit Wednesday targeting President Biden’s recently announced crackdown on asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border, challenging the legality of his restrictive immigration policy change just a week after it was enacted. 

The 29-page lawsuit is the first legal action against Mr. Biden’s attempt to use a sweeping presidential authority to disqualify most migrants from asylum and make it easier for U.S. immigration officials to deport them. The partial ban on asylum claims took effect a week ago and will remain in place until the weekly average of daily illegal border crossings falls below 1,500 — a level that has not been recorded since 2020.

ACLU lawyers asked the federal district court in Washington, D.C., to strike down the regulations that implemented Mr. Biden’s order, arguing that they violate U.S. asylum law and federal policy-making rules. The civil rights group, however, did not ask the court to immediately block the regulations, which were published by the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security.

The ACLU convinced federal courts to halt a Trump administration asylum restriction in 2018 that relied on the same legal authority, known as 212(f).

“We were left with no choice but to file this lawsuit. The ban will place countless people at risk and is legally identical to the Trump ban we successfully blocked,” Lee Gelernt, the lead ACLU attorney behind the lawsuit, told CBS News.

In a proclamation last week, Mr. Biden invoked the 212(f) authority to suspend the entry of most migrants along the southern border, authorizing officials to ban migrants from asylum if they cross illegally between official ports of entry. Migrants who secure one of 1,450 daily appointments to enter the U.S. at ports of entry are still eligible to apply for asylum.

Mr. Biden’s move has allowed U.S. immigration officials to deport larger numbers of migrants more quickly, since they cannot request asylum. Only those who affirmatively say they fear returning to their home country are screened for other legal protections that are much harder to obtain and that do not guarantee a permanent safe haven, unlike asylum. 

Still, the impact of Mr. Biden’s latest border measure has had a more limited impact on migrants from far-flung countries like China where the U.S. does not carry out regular deportations due to diplomatic issues or logistical hurdles. Mexico only accepts its own citizens and migrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela.

In its lawsuit, the ACLU challenged the suspension of asylum between ports of entry, citing a provision in federal law that says migrants who set foot on U.S. soil “whether or not at a designated port of arrival” may apply for asylum. Moreover, it sued over the requirement that migrants affirmatively express fear to be screened, and the heightened screening standards asylum officers were instructed to employ under Mr. Biden’s measure.

The civil rights organization also challenged another measure announced last week that reduced the time migrants in U.S. border custody have to consult with lawyers before their asylum screenings from 24 to 4 hours.

Wednesday’s lawsuit was unsurprising. Virtually every major action taken by Mr. Biden on immigration has faced lawsuits. Republican-led states have challenged Mr. Biden’s reversals of Trump-era immigration policies and programs that facilitate the legal entry of migrants, while advocacy groups like the ACLU have sued over his more restrictive border policies.

In one case, the ACLU and Republican-led states challenged the same policy: a rule that presumes migrants are ineligible for asylum if they do not use legal options to enter the U.S. and fail to seek refuge in other countries. The ACLU has argued the rule infringes on the rights of asylum-seekers, while GOP state officials have complained it contains too many exceptions. 

Camilo Montoya-Galvez

Camilo Montoya-Galvez is the immigration reporter at CBS News. Based in Washington, he covers immigration policy and politics.