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U.S. Navy struggles with warship production while facing expanding global threats
The Navy’s ability to build lower-cost warships that can shoot down Houthi rebel missiles in the Red Sea depends in part on a 25-year-old laborer who previously made parts for garbage trucks.
Lucas Andreini, a welder at Fincantieri Marinette Marine, in Marinette, Wisconsin, is among thousands of young workers who’ve received employer-sponsored training nationwide as shipyards struggle to hire and retain employees.
The labor shortage is one of the myriad challenges that have led to backlogs in ship production and maintenance at a time when the Navy faces expanding global threats. Combined with shifting defense priorities, last-minute design changes and cost overruns, it has put the U.S. behind China in the number of ships at its disposal — and the gap is widening.
Navy shipbuilding is currently in “a terrible state” — the worst in a quarter century, says Eric Labs, a longtime naval analyst at the Congressional Budget Office. “I feel alarmed,” he said. “I don’t see a fast, easy way to get out of this problem. It’s taken us a long time to get into it.”
Marinette Marine is under contract to build six guided-missile frigates — the Navy’s newest surface warships — with options to build four more. But it only has enough workers to produce one frigate a year, according to Labs.
Where have all the workers gone?
One of the industry’s chief problems is the struggle to hire and retain laborers for the challenging work of building new ships as graying veterans retire, taking decades of experience with them.
Shipyards across the country have created training academies and partnered with technical colleges to provide workers with the skills they need to construct high-tech warships. Submarine builders and the Navy formed an alliance to promote manufacturing careers, and shipyards are offering perks to retain workers once they’re hired.
Andreini trained for his job at Marinette through a program at Northeast Wisconsin Technical College. Prior to that, he spent several years as a production line welder, making components for garbage trucks. He said some of his buddies are held back by the stigma that shipbuilding is a “crappy work environment, and it’s unsafe.”
But that’s not the reality, he said. His health benefits are better than at his previous job, he’ll be getting a pension for the first time, and there’s an opportunity to acquire skills even more advanced than what he received during his initial training.
Plus, Andreini says, he feels like he’s serving his country.
“It makes me happy to be able to do my part, and possibly make sure sailors and some of my friends in the service come home safely,” said Andreini, whose father was in the Navy in Vietnam.
Alonie Lake, also a welder, a fellow graduate of the technical college’s program and a single mom, is happy for a job with long-term stability — something Marinette’s backlog of Navy contracts virtually guarantees.
Lake, 32, said she thinks a lot of younger people are interested in jobs in the trades “and the satisfaction of working with their hands to create tangible results.”
Navy Secretary Carlos Del Toro recently underscored the importance of training programs during commencement ceremonies at a community college in Maine. The college has partnered with nearby Portsmouth Naval Shipyard to teach workers the skills needed to repair nuclear submarines.
“It is incumbent upon all of us to consider how we can best lend our talents and, in the case of the graduates, their newly developed skills, to build up our great nation for all Americans, and defend against the threats and challenges of today,” he said.
Once workers are hired, will they stay?
The Navy is trying to help shipyards ensure that once new workers are trained and hired, they stick around in a tight labor market.
In Wisconsin, part of $100 million in Navy funding that’s being provided to Marinette Marine is being used for retention bonuses at the shipyard, whose past employee retention was described by Del Toro as “atrocious.”
The shipyard, which employs more than 2,000 workers, is providing bonuses of up to $10,000 to keep workers, said spokesperson Eric Dent. “The workforce shortage is definitely a problem and it’s a problem across the board for all shipyards,” he said.
Retention is a concern even for shipyards that have met their goals, including Huntington Ingalls Industries, which makes destroyers and amphibious warships in Mississippi and aircraft carriers and submarines in Virginia.
The company is creating training partnerships with colleges and public schools at all grade levels. Enhancements in Mississippi include more than a million square feet (92,900 square meters) of covered work area, cooldown and hydration stations, and a second dining area with a Chick-fil-A. Huntington Ingalls also collaborated with the Navy and the city of Newport News, Virginia, to build a new parking garage for workers and sailors.
A problem decades in the making
Much of the blame for U.S. shipbuilding’s current woes lies with the Navy, which frequently changes requirements, requests upgrades and tweaks designs after shipbuilders have begun construction.
That’s seen in cost overruns, technological challenges and delays in the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, the USS Ford; the spiking of a gun system for a stealth destroyer program after its rocket-assisted projectiles became too costly; and the early retirement of some of the Navy’s lightly armored littoral combat ships, which were prone to breaking down.
The Navy vowed to learn from those past lessons with the new frigates they are building at Marinette Marine. The frigates are prized because they’re less costly to produce than larger destroyers but have similar weapon systems.
The Navy chose a ship design already in use by navies in France and Italy instead of starting from scratch. The idea was that 15% of the vessel would be updated to meet U.S. Navy specifications, while 85% would remain unchanged, reducing costs and speeding construction.
Instead, the opposite happened: The Navy redesigned 85% of the ship, resulting in cost increases and construction delays, said Bryan Clark, an analyst at the Washington-based think tank Hudson Institute. Construction of the first-in-class Constellation warship, which began in August 2022, is now three years behind schedule, with delivery pushed back to 2029.
The final design still isn’t completed.
Shifting threats and changing plans
Complicating matters further is something out of the Navy’s control: the changing nature of global threats.
Throughout its history, the Navy has had to adapt to varying perils, whether it be the Cold War of past decades or current threats including war in the Middle East, growing competition from Chinese and Russian navies, piracy off the coast of Somalia and persistent attacks on commercial ships by Houthi rebels in Yemen.
And that’s not all. The consolidation of shipyards and funding uncertainties have disrupted the cadence of ship construction and stymied long-term investments and planning, says Matthew Paxton of the Shipbuilders Council of America, a national trade association.
“We’ve been dealing with inconsistent shipbuilding plans for years,” Paxton said. “When we finally start ramping up, the Navy is shocked that we lost members of our workforce.”
The Navy insists it’s taking the shipbuilding problems seriously.
“The Navy’s role in defending our nation and promoting peace has never been more expansive or mattered more,” said Lt. Kyle Hanton, a spokesperson for Del Toro’s office. “We continue to work with our industry partners to identify creative solutions to solving our common challenges.”
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Across the United States, the issue of women clergy is currently a focal point in several Christians denominations, including the Catholic Church, where women are not allowed to be ordained.
The CBS Mornings series, “The State of Spirituality with Lisa Ling,” explores unique paths to faith, spirituality and religion. The latest installment of the series focuses on women in Albany, New York, leading a grassroots rebel movement in support of women clergy.
Around 52 million Americans identify as Catholic. According to Pew Research, around 64% of U.S. Catholics support the idea of women priests, but for hundreds of years, only men have been allowed to become ordained clergy.
“I think they’re afraid of change,” Bridget Mary Meehan said.
Meehan and Mary Theresa Streck are both part of the Association of Roman Catholic Women Priests—a worldwide movement advocating for the ordination of women in the Catholic Church. The women part of this movement are ordaining themselves in direct defiance of the Vatican.
Inside a warehouse-looking building in upstate New York, the rebels who are part of this movement convene for Sunday mass, hoping to inspire change.
“Change begins by somebody doing it,” Streck said.
Streck, along with congregants, are part of the Upper Room. It is described as an inclusive Catholic Community, where all are welcome. Streck, a woman priest part of the movement, presides over Sunday mass.
“People are looking for what we’re offering,” she said. “And they want to see ordained women, celebrating mass.”
The day CBS News visited the Upper Room, the sermon was delivered by Meehan, a bishop within the movement.
“Mary Magdalen’s energy rises up in us and inspires us to create a renewed model of church,” she preached.
The Roman Catholic Church does not allow women to be ordained, arguing in part, that clergy should be unmarried men in the image of Jesus and his 12 disciples. The women who are part of this movement disagree and have formed a resistance.
The Albany Diocese, in a statement to CBS News, said: “The Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany is not affiliated with this group.” The Vatican did not respond to our requests for comment.
While other Christian denominations, like the Episcopal Church, do allow women clergy, these women say they have decided to remain Catholic, even if the church does not recognize them.
“It’s in my bones,” Streck said. “I am a Roman Catholic.”
A turning point for some
Like many organized religions in the 21st Century, Catholic Church membership is declining. Those who have left often say its because of the way the church has dealt with sexual abuse claims involving priests, as well as how the church has historically handled divorce, the LGBTQ+ community and women.
“I think the Catholic Church left me,” Upper Room parishioner Timothy Perry-Coon said, but added the women priests helped bring him back to Catholicism.
“We are the Catholic Church here, too,” he said.
For many who attend the Upper Room, 2010 marked a turning point with their Catholic faith, after the Vatican listed ordaining women as a grave offense— alongside pedophilia.
How the movement began and progressed
The Catholic women priest movement is traced back to 2002—when seven women were ordained on the Danube River in Germany. The Vatican excommunicated all known to be involved and said all those who come after are also considered excommunicated.
“Our response was we do not accept this excommunication,” Meehan said. “We’re leading the church we love into a renewed model of priestly ministry to respond to the needs of Catholics all over the world.”
Both Streck and Meehan are former nuns, raised devout and proud Catholics.
“By the time I was in third grade…I wanted to be a nun. I knew in third grade,” Streck said.
At just 17 years old, Mary Theresa says she was called to join The Sisters of St. Joseph. That was until 18 years later, when another call came—love.
“I met a young priest,” Streck explained. “I knew that I loved him dearly and he loved me dearly. So, we both resigned.”
But Streck said her faith never wavered, “I think it was stronger than ever.”
Streck and her husband, Jay, would get married within the public housing project where they ministered and continued to minister for many years, even after renouncing their vows. But after Jay died of cancer, Streck began to explore a new call: The priesthood. It’s a call she said she knows her husband would have supported.
She said in her first phone call about becoming a woman priest, Meehan told her if she pursued this, she would be excommunicated.
“And I said, ‘okay, well, that’s, that doesn’t mean anything really, because I will continue doing everything that I’m doing,'” Streck said she responded.
In 2013, hundreds attended as Meehan ordained Streck in Albany. It was a first in the area.
“And since 2013… we have 10 women who have been ordained,” Streck explained. “And I think people are saying, well, I’m not going to wait for the church to decide it’s okay.”
Around 300 women worldwide have now been ordained within the larger movement. Streck and Meehan both have doctorate degrees in ministry and have created a process and seminary curriculum for ordination. Yet, Streck and Meehan acknowledge they may never see women priests accepted in the Roman Catholic church.
“But that’s not a good reason not to do it,” Streck said.
Earlier this year, in a rare interview, the Pope addressed the issue of women clergy with CBS News’ Norah O’Donnell.
“For a little girl growing up Catholic today, will she ever have the opportunity to be a deacon and participate as a clergy member in the church?” O’Donnell asked him.
“No,” Pope Francis responded.
But Streck and Meehan said that won’t stop them. They hope they are laying the groundwork for future generations of women priests. If they were given the opportunity to speak with the Pope or those in the Vatican, both women said they would tell them they love the Catholic Church.
“Do not be afraid of us,” Streck said. “We have a lot to offer.”
Meehan added, “We spent our whole lives just creating a church where there’s more justice, more equality and that everyone is so welcome at the table of God’s love.”
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Americans are carrying more debt than ever. In the second quarter of 2024, nationwide credit card debt hit a record $1.14 trillion, while personal loan debt reached $245 billion. These high numbers reflect the steep borrowing costs of recent years.
But inflation is cooling down, and many experts are now adjusting to what could be a series of Federal Reserve interest rate cuts. This shift could make borrowing more affordable.
So, which option is better as rates fall: personal loans or credit cards?
The answer isn’t straightforward — it depends on your situation.
Henry Yoshida, certified financial planner and co-founder of Rocket Dollar, explains, “Credit cards are essential in a digital e-commerce environment. But [you may choose a] personal loan for [several] reasons such as credit card debt consolidation or to make a major purchase.”
As rates drop, each option has its pros and cons. Let’s find out what financial experts recommend in this evolving economic climate.
Considering a personal loan now? See how low of an interest rate you could secure here.
Personal loans vs. credit cards: Which is better as rates drop?
Personal loans often work best for large, fixed expenses or debt consolidation. Lauryn Grayes, founder of Wealth Gems Financial, illustrates this by noting that borrowers could potentially save thousands of dollars in interest by using a personal loan to pay off credit card debt versus the card itself, due to the latter’s much higher interest rate.
Bryan Meizinger, executive vice president and chief credit officer at FAIRWINDS Credit Union echoes this benefit, noting that personal loans are useful “if you have multiple debts that you want to consolidate into one manageable payment.” He adds that the fixed repayment schedule can motivate quicker debt repayment than credit cards.
Credit cards, however, shine in their flexibility. Grayes points out, “During COVID-19, [some] relied on [credit] cards to fund essentials when income declined temporarily.” This adaptability makes credit cards valuable in uncertain financial times.
Meizinger notes that while “0% APR promotions can be enticing,” they require discipline to avoid accumulating debt after the promotional period ends. In contrast, personal loans’ fixed terms can help borrowers stay on track with repayment.
Your choice should align with your financial needs and habits. Personal loans may be for you if you need structure and lower rates on large expenses. Credit cards may work well if you’re after flexibility and short-term promotional benefits.
Not sure which is best for you? Start comparing your personal loan options online now.
Pros and cons to know
Here’s a quick recap of each option’s pros and cons:
Personal loan pros:
- Lower interest rates (roughly 40% to 65% less than variable credit card interest rates in any interest rate environment)
- Fixed payments and repayment period
- Promising for debt consolidation
Personal loan cons:
- Requires payback commitment to maintain your credit
- May require good credit for the best rates
- Potential fees (e.g. origination, early repayment)
Credit card pros:
- May be easier to qualify for (compared to personal loans)
- Potential rewards (e.g. cash back, travel points)
- Convenient for short-term or emergency expenses
Credit card cons:
- Higher interest rates (often 20% or more)
- Possible growing debt if you only pay down the minimum each month
- Risk of reckless spending
Expert strategies for managing debt and credit
Financial experts suggest the following strategies for managing debt as interest rates drop:
- Focus on total debt: “Focus less on the top-line interest rate and take pride in tracking your outstanding principal balance as you pay down debt,” Yoshida advises. As you see that number get lower and lower, you’ll gain confidence in eliminating debt.
- Use the debt snowball method: “Start with your smallest unsecured loan balance first,” Meizinger suggests. “Once that’s paid off, move on to the next smallest loan balance.” This approach gives you motivating short-term wins and keeps the momentum going.
- Consider balance transfers: “Take advantage of a signup bonus and introductory low, or 0%, interest rate offer by signing up for a new credit card and transferring the existing balance,” suggests Yoshida. This could save you thousands in interest if you carry a high credit card balance at a high interest rate.
- Understand credit utilization effects: Consolidating credit card debt with a personal loan may reduce your credit utilization ratio (and boost your credit score). But avoid accumulating new credit card debt after consolidation. That could undo these benefits.
- Gradual paydown before consolidation: Reduce card balances through increased payments before consolidating into a loan.
The bottom line
Your choice between personal loans and credit cards as interest rates drop depends on your financial situation. “Lower rates present an opportunity to accelerate debt payoffs, but variable-rate cards pose risks if rates increase later,” Grayes says. To make an informed decision, consider your debt amount, financial stability and risk tolerance.
Speak with a few financial advisors or lenders to explore your options. They can help you understand how these tools work in different economic climates and guide you toward a strategy that best fits your needs.
Also, look into reputable debt relief companies. These organizations can offer helpful services such as debt consolidation, negotiation with creditors or structured repayment plans.
Teamsters union doesn’t endorse a presidential candidate for the first time since 1996
New York women leading rebel movement in hopes of inspiring change in the Catholic Church
Personal loans vs. credit cards: Which is better as interest rates drop?
Teamsters union doesn’t endorse a presidential candidate for the first time since 1996
New York women leading rebel movement in hopes of inspiring change in the Catholic Church