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The investigation into Montana mom Jermain Charlo’s disappearance
When Jermain Charlo‘s cellphone went silent in June 2018, her family suspected something was wrong. “She was very active on social media … she posted about everything,” Valenda Morigeau, Charlo’s aunt, told “48 Hours.” “So for her to not be active on social media, then I knew something was not right.” When Charlo didn’t respond to calls or texts, Morigeau, sick with worry, reported her missing to the Missoula Police Department. Six years later, Charlo still has not been found.
Valenda Morigeau
During that time, the Missoula Police Department and other agencies have been hard at work. What have investigators discovered about what may have happened to Charlo? And will she ever be found?
The story begins on the night Charlo was last seen.
June 15, 2018: Last night out at The Badlander bar
Missoula Police Department
On the night she disappeared, Jermain Charlo was at The Badlander bar in Missoula, Montana, around midnight. She’s captured in the alley behind the bar on security camera footage excerpt, shared exclusively with “48 Hours.” Charlo, second from left, is highlighted.
Detectives spoke to multiple people who were in the alley, including the man standing behind Charlo. He’s Michael DeFrance, Charlo’s ex-boyfriend and the father of her two children. Charlo and DeFrance had plans together that night, though it’s not clear why they met up or what they discussed.
June 15, 2018, just before midnight: Disappearing into the night
Missoula Poilce Department
Just before midnight on June 15, Charlo and DeFrance walked away in the alley behind The Badlander bar, as seen in this screenshot from security footage.
Where did they go next? When investigators asked Michael DeFrance that question, he told them the same thing he told Charlo’s family when they asked: that he and Charlo had gotten into his truck and then he’d dropped her off at the Orange Street Food Farm, a supermarket about a five-minute drive from The Badlander.
In a subsequent police interview, however, DeFrance amended his story. He said that in fact he’d dropped Charlo off not at the Orange Street Food Farm itself, but in a residential area eight blocks west of the store. He said he dropped her off there because Charlo told him she was staying with a friend named “Cassidy” who lived nearby.
Detectives found the change in DeFrance’s stories interesting. They also were unable to find anyone in Charlo’s life named “Cassidy.” It turned out that Charlo didn’t really intend to stay at a friend’s place that night, but at the apartment of her then-boyfriend Jacob, who lived in the area. Jacob was out of town but had told Charlo she could stay at his place.
Jermain’s family suspects that she did not want to tell DeFrance about her relationship with Jacob and may have lied to him about “Cassidy.”
June 16, 2018, just before 1 a.m.: Jacob tries to call Jermain Charlo
Valenda Morigeau
Shortly before 1 a.m. that night, Charlo’s boyfriend Jacob attempted to call her cell. She never picked up the phone — instead, it rang several times before going to voicemail. Jacob told police he suspected that somebody purposely ended the call.
Though detectives never considered Jacob a suspect — he was out of the state that night — they did talk to him further to see what else he might know. He told them that the day before Charlo disappeared, she told him “that Michael had been yelling at her, asking if she was dating anyone and wanted to get back together with her.”
DeFrance has also never been named a suspect in Charlo’s disappearance.
June 17, 2018: Jermain Charlo reported missing
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On June 17, 2018, Charlo’s mother reported her missing to the Tribal Police Department on the Flathead Reservation, but because Jermain went missing in Missoula, it would have to be reported to the Missoula Police Department.
Family called Missoula police but learned that the report had to be made at the station in person, not over the phone. So on June 20, 2018, Valenda Morigeau, Charlo’s aunt, made the drive to Missoula and spoke with an officer to file an official report.
Late June 2018: The community searches
KPAX
After Charlo disappeared, her family took matters into their own hands and contacted local organization The Lifeguard Group for help. Volunteers came out in support to search for Charlo. This was just the first of many searches the community would hold over the months and years to come.
“We’ve told the family that we’re not going to stop no matter what. And we will search for Jermain as if she’s alive, until we find her,” said Lowell Hochhalter, president and co-founder of The Lifeguard Group.
June 26, 2018: The lead detective
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The Missoula Police Department’s investigation began the day Morigeau reported her niece missing. However, the first detective assigned only worked the case briefly before he had scheduled time off. It wasn’t until June 26, 10 days after Charlo disappeared, that Det. Guy Baker was assigned to the case. He would doggedly lead the investigation for the next six years, determined to find Charlo.
“I’m very much committed to finding her,” Baker told “48 Hours.” “I wanna bring justice to Jermain and hold accountable who’s responsible.”
June 27, 2018: The cellphone data
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On June 27, 2018, detectives obtained data linked to Charlo’s cellphone. The data indicated that between the hours of 2 a.m. and 10 a.m. in the early morning hours of June 16, 2018, after she disappeared, Charlo’s cell was pinging off a cell tower in the area known as Evaro Hill.
Evaro Hill is a rugged, heavily forested area north of Missoula, and it’s where DeFrance, Charlo’s ex-boyfriend, was living at the time. DeFrance told investigators that he’d dropped Charlo off in Missoula around 1 a.m. So, why was her phone pinging north of the city hours later? DeFrance changed his story and told investigators that Charlo’s phone was with him.
Missoula County Deputy Attorney Brittany Williams told “48 Hours,” “In a subsequent interview, [DeFrance] provided a statement that she left her cellphone and he attempted to go through her cellphone and he was unable to get into her cellphone.”
Then DeFrance told authorities that two days later on June 18 — while Charlo’s family was desperately calling law enforcement for help — he discarded Charlo’s phone in Idaho at mile marker 94 on Highway 12. Law enforcement searched the area but never found the phone.
“The phone’s never been recovered,” confirms Baker. Charlo’s family wonders why DeFrance would throw Jermain’s phone away. Baker declined to comment on a possible motive for disposing of the phone. “48 Hours” requested an interview with DeFrance through his attorney. He declined our request.
June 27, 2018: Michael DeFrance’s mother speaks to police
On the same day that the cellphone data was obtained, officers from the Missoula County Sheriff’s Office went to DeFrance’s property and spoke with his mother Jennifer DeFrance. According to police documents, Jennifer DeFrance told an officer that Charlo had never been to the residence. She also reported that “Michael was still in love with Jermain and wanted to get back together with her.”
Summer 2018: “Swept away in an instant”
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Over the remainder of the summer, detectives investigated the idea that Charlo may have been a victim of human trafficking.
“We had some information early on that there might have been some people in Missoula from out of state that were trying to buy a girl,” Baker told “48 Hours.” “And I was thinking there was a connection there.”
Williams described the trafficking situation in the state. “I think people have an idea that Montana is rural and undeveloped, and we don’t have major crimes that occur here,” she said. “But the fact of the matter is, we have one of the largest interstates that runs through our state right here through Missoula, Montana … there are people who can be swept away in an instant.”
Eventually, investigators were able to rule out the idea that Charlo was a victim of human trafficking. Williams told “48 Hours” in 2024, “I think that we have enough evidence through this investigation that lends itself to believe something else has happened to her.”
August 2, 2018: A warrant for Michael DeFrance’s property
An officer with the Missoula County Sheriff’s Department filed a search warrant application on August 2, 2018, that stated the officer had reason to believe that a crime had been committed in Missoula.
The application asked a judge to approve a search of DeFrance’s property on Evaro Hill. The officer hoped to “visually observe and simultaneously video record by ground or air, at any time of the day or night, the outside of the premises including all grounds.” It also asked for thermal imaging of the property.
Documents show that the search warrant application was approved by a judge, but officers declined to comment on the results of any of their searches of the DeFrance property. They do confirm that Charlo has not been found, and Michael DeFrance has never been named a suspect or charged with anything in relation to her disappearance.
Oct. 2, 2018: Firearms seized
District Court of Montana
In October 2018, police conducted another search of DeFrance’s Evaro Hill property. At this point, Charlo had been missing for more than three months.
On the property officers found and seized guns including the ones pictured. DeFrance had a prior conviction that prohibited him from owning firearms. In May 2013, DeFrance had pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of Partner or Family Member Assault against Charlo, his then-girlfriend. When DeFrance was sentenced for this incident, part of his sentence was a loss of his firearm rights.
According to a 2013 police report, DeFrance admitted to hitting Charlo with an open hand, then twice more with his fist. Charlo reported that DeFrance had shoved her onto the hood of his van, punched her in the ear, the temple, and the cheekbone, and then spit in her face and told her she was horrible.
In October 2018 Baker asked DeFrance if he was aware he wasn’t supposed to have firearms because of his previous conviction. According to court documents, DeFrance replied, “I was never clear on that.”
2019-2021: The trail goes cold
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In October 2018, Charlo’s family and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes put her information on a billboard. They hoped that someone would drive by and recognize Jermain. For six years, her gaze has haunted drivers as they travel down that road.
Baker wouldn’t tell “48 Hours” much about his investigation, as it is ongoing and many of the documents are sealed. But he insists the case never truly went cold. He has been consistently searching for Charlo over the years, and the investigation has never stopped. He is committed to finding Jermain.
“I guess when I see that billboard, I’m frustrated,” he said. “I’ve never worked a case like this before. We’ve tried to uncover and turn over every rock possible.”
July 28, 2021: Michael DeFrance arrested on firearms possession charges
In July 2021, Michael DeFrance was arrested for possession of the firearms police had confiscated in 2018. The case was investigated by the FBI. In October 2021, an indictment charged DeFrance with one count of prohibited person in possession of firearms and ammunition, and three counts of false statement during a firearms transaction.
April 26, 2023: Michael DeFrance goes on trial for firearms violations
DeFrance was found guilty of all four counts of firearms-related violations after his two-day trial in federal court. Charlo’s mother and her aunt Valenda Morigeau both testified to the nature of Charlo and DeFrance’s relationship around the time of the 2013 partner or family member assault conviction, and Baker spoke about finding the guns at DeFrance’s residence.
DeFrance was sentenced in September 2023 to 21 months in prison and was given a lifetime ban on firearms and ammunition. On the same day, DeFrance filed an appeal. He has not served any time pending that appeal.
Today: hoping for justice
Jen Murphy
Jermain Charlo’s family still hopes that one day she might be found, though they no longer believe she is alive. For Charlo’s aunt Dani Matt, justice for Charlo means “bringing her home, and letting her rest with our family up on the hill.”
“I will never stop looking for her,” said Morigeau. “I’ve met so many families that have had a loved one disappear. And I want other families to know that, like, it’s OK to keep pushing and it’s OK to keep their name out there. We have to fight for justice for our loved ones.”
A man who failed in an attempt to break into Brazil’s Supreme Court killed himself in explosions outside the building Wednesday that forced justices and staff to evacuate, authorities said.
The two strong blasts were heard about 7:30 p.m. after the day’s session finished and all the justices and staff left the building safely, Brazil’s Supreme Court said in a statement.
Local firefighters confirmed one man died at the scene in the capital Brasilia, but did not identify him.
EVARISTO SA/AFP via Getty Images
Celina Leão, the lieutenant governor of Brazil’s federal district, said the suspect had earlier detonated explosives in a car in a Congress parking lot, which did not cause injuries.
“His first action was to explode the car. Then he approached the Supreme Court and tried to get in the building. He failed and then there were the other explosions,” Leão said in a news conference.
Local media reported that the car that exploded belonged to a member of Brazil’s Liberal Party, the same of former President Jair Bolsonaro. Leão said only investigations will determine whether the owner of the car is the same man who died in the blasts.
Leão recommended that Congress be closed Thursday to avoid new risks. Brazil’s Senate heeded her call and the lower house will be shut until noon, speaker Arthur Lira said.
“It could have been a lone wolf, like others we’ve seen around the world,” Leão said in a news conference. “We are considering it as a suicide because there was only one victim. But investigations will show if that was indeed the case.”
Leão added only forensics will be able to identify the body, which remained outside the Supreme Court for three hours after the blasts.
The blasts outside the Supreme Court took place about 20 seconds apart in Brasilia’s Three Powers Plaza, where Brazil’s main government buildings, including the Supreme Court, Congress and presidential palace, are located.
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was not in the neighboring presidential palace at the time, spokesman José Chrispiniano said.
Police blocked all access to the area and the presidential security bureau was conducting a sweep of the grounds around the presidential palace.
Brazil’s federal police said it is investigating and did not provide a motive.
The Supreme Court in recent years has become a target for threats by far-right groups and supporters of Bolsonaro’s due to its crackdown on the spread of false information. In particular, Justice Alexandre de Moraes has been a focus for their ire.
Lula’s spokesman said that late on Wednesday the leftist leader was gathering at the presidential residence with federal police chief Andrei Rodrigues, and Supreme Court Justices de Moraes and Cristiano Zanin.
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What to know about Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency, led by Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy
Donald Trump is vowing to reduce wasteful federal spending by tapping two billionaires — Tesla CEO Elon Musk and entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy — to spearhead the initiative, which the president-elect is calling the Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE.
The appointments, announced by Trump on Tuesday, raise a host of questions about the effort, including whether Musk and Ramaswamy will have the authority to make changes in federal outlays, given that Congress authorizes the nation’s spending, as well as where the businessmen might look to cut spending. Under the plan, meanwhile, DOGE is not an official government department, raising questions about how its powers and how it will operate.
The announcement comes a week after Trump won a second term as president, with voters expressing their dissatisfaction with the economy under the Biden administration. As part of his campaign vows, Trump promised to slash government spending. Musk’s bio on X, the social media platform he bought in 2022, now reads, “The people voted for major government reform.”
“Frankly, it does need to be done again, so every few decades you really need to look at everything,” Elaine Kamarck, a senior fellow in governance studies at the Brookings Institution who managed the Clinton Administration’s National Performance Review, an effort to cut government spending in the 1990s, told CBS MoneyWatch.
But Kamarck also harbors reservations about Musk and Ramaswamy’s mandate, especially after the former recently suggested he could find more than $2 trillion in savings — almost one-third of the federal government’s $6.7 trillion in annual spending. Two-thirds of that spending is mandatory through programs including Social Security and Medicare, while discretionary spending is largely spent on defense.
“This is the first warning sign that this is going to be a failed operation,” Kamarck said. “That’s insane.”
The Trump campaign didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.
Here’s what to know about the Department of Government Efficiency.
What is the Department of Government Efficiency?
Trump announced the DOGE in a statement on Tuesday, describing it as an effort to “slash excess regulations, cut wasteful expenditures, and restructure Federal Agencies.”
The name is a nod to Musk’s support for a cryptocurrency called dogecoin, which was created as a joke by two software engineers and uses the image of a smiling Shiba Inu dog. (Dogecoin has more than tripled in price during the last month, and now trades at 38 cents.)
Trump said Musk and Ramaswamy’s work “will conclude no later than July 4, 2026,” or by the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
Trump only outlined the initiative’s contours and didn’t disclose how it will be staffed or funded. The Trump campaign didn’t respond to a request about the DOGE’s funding or whether Musk or Ramaswamy will be paid for their work on the effort.
Can the DOGE actually cut federal spending?
At the moment, that appears unlikely given that the DOGE isn’t a real government department, which would need to be created by congressional approval. Federal spending is authorized by Congress, and senators and House representatives may hesitate to support cuts to major programs like Social Security or Medicare, which are popular with millions of voters, or to the nation’s military.
It’s also not clear how the organization will operate. It could come under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, which dictates how external groups that advise the government must operate and be accountable to the public.
Trump described Musk and Ramaswamy’s role as providing “advice and guidance from outside of government.”
That doesn’t amount to much, Kamarck said.
“They have no authority — none whatsoever,” she added, while noting that the backing of the president can help convince lawmakers to throw their support behind efficiency efforts.
What have Musk and Ramaswamy said about federal spending?
Musk, the world’s richest person with a net worth of $319 billion, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, has described the U.S. government as bloated and said it its spending is unsustainable. The Tesla founder also said he wants to reduce the number of federal agencies to 99, down from more than 400.
“There are so many [agencies] that people have never heard of, and that have overlapping areas of responsibilities,” Musk said earlier this month.
While on the campaign trail with Trump, Musk also said he could cut “at least $2 trillion” from the annual budget. “Your money is being wasted, and the Department of Government Efficiency will fix that,” Musk said.
Musk is known for cost-cutting at his own companies, slashing most of X’s workforce after he bought the business two years ago as well as focusing on manufacturing costs at Tesla. Even so, those efforts have had mixed results, with X’s valuation falling by about 80% since his purchase. Tesla’s stock price, meanwhile, has surged 48% in the past year, bumping its value above $1 trillion.
Ramaswamy, whom Forbes says has a net worth of about $1 billion, dropped out of the presidential race in January after running on an “anti-woke” campaign. He also advocated for government cuts by eliminating the Department of Education, a goal shared by President-elect Trump.
Have administrations previously tried to cut costs?
Yes, both Republican and Democratic presidents have created efforts to cut government spending.
In 1982, President Ronald Reagan created the Grace Commission, led by wealthy businessman J. Peter Grace, the CEO of W. R. Grace & Company, a chemicals business. About 150 business people volunteered for the commission, which ultimately recommended 2,500 reforms, according to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
“Most of the recommendations, especially those requiring legislation from Congress, were never implemented,” the library notes. “However, the Commission’s work provided a starting point for many conservative critiques of the federal government.”
In the 1990s, President Bill Clinton created the National Performance Review with the goal to create a government that would work better and cost less, Kamarck said. The group was staffed with civil servants who understood the bureaucracy, and many of whom had frustrations with it, she added.
The group had some successes in streamlining operations and paring costs, eventually cutting more than 300,000 jobs, according to a study from the Congressional Research Service. Kamarck noted that the group also focused on integrating technology into departments at a time when the internet was just emerging, leading to efficiencies such as online tax filing.
Where could the Trump administration cut spending?
While experts are skeptical of Musk’s claim he can cut $2 trillion in spending, they also point out there are opportunities to look at efficiencies.
Eliminating Medicare fraud is one area that could result in savings, according to the Citizens Against Government Waste, a nonpartisan group that looks at government spending. Its recommendations also include reducing the nation’s contributions to the U.N. and ending subsidies for some agricultural products, like dairy and sugar. Its projected savings: $377 billion in the first year, or about 19% of the $2 trillion that Musk is eyeballing.
But efficiency goes beyond cost-cutting, Kamarck noted. It’s also about understanding how the bureaucracy works,
“Every single thing in the federal government is big and complicated, and there are layers and layers of complexity,” she noted. “Al Gore and I relied on hundreds of experienced civil servants to tell us how this worked — and if you don’t do this, which I suspect they won’t because Musk is an arrogant billionaire, you will fail.”
Does Musk have conflicts of interest?
Yes, as Musk’s SpaceX works with the Department of Defense and NASA, with the federal government pledging $3 billion to his companies last year, according to the New York Times. Tesla, meanwhile, has been investigated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, as well as by other agencies.
Federal employees are generally required to disclose their financial assets and entanglements to ward off any potential conflicts of interest, and to divest significant holdings relating to their work. Because Musk and Ramaswamy would not be formal federal workers, they would not face those requirements or ethical limitations.
contributed to this report.