President-elect Donald Trump defeated Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential race, but several key dates are still ahead in the certification process before he takes the oath of office for his second term. 

Though considered bureaucratic in the past, the certification process has come under increased public scrutiny since the 2020 election, when Trump and his allies pushed false, unproven claims of widespread voter fraud and unsuccessfully challenged the results in court.

Election officials and experts repeatedly stress that U.S. elections are free and fair.

The disinformation campaign ultimately culminated in the Jan. 6, 2021, riot at the U.S. Capitol that briefly delayed a joint session of Congress from certifying the 2020 election results. Trump has been charged with four counts in a case brought by special counsel Jack Smith stemming from his post-election conduct.

In late 2022, as a direct response to the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol, Congress passed the Electoral Count Reform Act to tighten and clarify the rules of the electoral certification process.

Here are the key presidential election certification dates for battleground states, the Electoral College and Congress.

Battleground state certification deadlines

Arizona

State deadline: Nov. 25, 2024

County boards of supervisors have until Nov. 21 to officially count votes in a process known as the “canvass.” Upon completion, the boards must send a copy to the secretary of state, who has until Nov. 25 to finish the statewide canvass and issue certificates of election.

Georgia

State deadline: Nov. 22, 2024

County election superintendents must certify results by 5 p.m. ET on Nov. 12 and immediately send them to the secretary of state, who has until 5 p.m. on Nov. 22 to certify the votes cast and transmit them to the governor.

Michigan

State deadline: Nov. 25, 2024

Boards of county canvassers must complete a canvass of the election by Nov. 19 and forward the results to the secretary of state within 24 hours. The Board of State Canvassers must then meet to finish its canvass and certify the outcome by Nov. 25.

Nevada

State deadline: Nov. 26, 2024

Boards of county commissioners must finish the canvass of ballot returns and send the results to the secretary of state by Nov. 15. A majority of justices from the Nevada Supreme Court must then meet with the secretary of state by Nov. 26 to canvass the vote. Once the statewide canvass is done, the governor will issue certificates of election.

North Carolina

State deadline: Dec. 2, 2024

County boards of elections must meet at 11 a.m. ET on Nov. 15 to canvass the votes and mail abstracts — forms showing the votes cast for each candidate — to the State Board of Elections and Clerk of the Court. The State Board of Elections will then meet at 11 a.m. on Nov. 26 to conduct a statewide canvass. Barring any protest, the state board will issue certificates of election on Dec. 2. If a protest is pending, the state board could delay certification until 10 days after its final decision on the matter.

Pennsylvania

Deadline: Nov. 25, 2024

County boards of elections must submit unofficial results to the secretary of the commonwealth by 5 p.m. on Nov. 12. If after five days there are no petitions for recounts or recanvasses filed, the county boards will certify the results with the secretary of the commonwealth. Boards must certify by Nov. 25 even in the event of a recount or a recanvass. The secretary will then conduct a statewide canvass and present the results to the governor, for which there is no state deadline.

Wisconsin

State deadline: Dec. 1, 2024

County clerks have until Nov. 19 to deliver certified vote statements to the Wisconsin Elections Commission. The commission chair must then conduct a public canvass and certify the results by Dec. 1.

Full Electoral College election results certification deadline

Safe harbor deadline: Dec. 11, 2024

Under federal law, states have until Dec. 11 to certify election results, known as the safe harbor deadline. 

Meeting: Dec. 17, 2024

After this date, state election results become finalized. On Dec. 17, Electoral College electors will meet and cast votes for the presidential candidates according to the will of their states. The results are then sent to Congress.

U.S. Congress election results certification deadline

Certification deadline: Jan. 6, 2025

On Jan. 6, 2025, four years after the assault on the Capitol, the House of Representatives and the Senate will convene to count and finalize the votes cast by the Electoral College. Lawmakers can object to a state’s electors, but the 2022 Electoral Count Act raised the necessary threshold to one-fifth of the House and Senate to proceed with the objection.

Leo Rocha

Leo Rocha is a digital producer for CBSNews.com. Leo has previously written for outlets including VICE, HuffPost and Mic. He covers general and trending news, often focusing on social issues and entertainment.