Tehran — Iran said Friday it would launch a series of “new and advanced” centrifuges in response to a resolution adopted by the United Nations nuclear watchdog that censures Tehran for what the agency called lack of cooperation. The censure motion brought by Britain, France, Germany, and the United States at the 35-nation board of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) follows a similar one in June.

It came as tensions run high over Iran’s atomic program, with critics fearing that Tehran is attempting to develop a nuclear weapon — a claim the Islamic Republic has repeatedly denied.

Iran says it will “substantially increase” uranium enrichment capacity

The resolution — which China, Russia and Burkina Faso voted against — carried with 19 votes in favor, 12 abstentions and Venezuela not participating, two diplomats told AFP.

“The head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran issued an order to take effective measures, including launching a significant series of new and advanced centrifuges of various types,” a joint statement by the organization and Iran’s foreign ministry said.

Centrifuges are the machines that enrich uranium transformed into gas by rotating it at very high speed, increasing the proportion of fissile isotope material (U-235).

“At the same time, technical and safeguards cooperation with the IAEA will continue, as in the past” and within the framework of agreements made by Iran, the joint Iranian statement added.

Behrouz Kamalvandi, Iran’s atomic energy organization spokesman, on Friday said the new measures are mostly related to uranium enrichment.

“We will substantially increase the enrichment capacity with the utilization of different types of advanced machines,” he told state TV.

Iran’s retaliatory measures “are reversible if this (Western) hostile action is withdrawn or negotiations are opened,” Tehran-based political analyst Hadi Mohammadi told AFP.

IAEA demands “credible explanations” from Iran

The confidential resolution seen by AFP says it is “essential and urgent” for Iran to “act to fulfil its legal obligations” under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) ratified in 1970.

The text also calls on Tehran to provide “technically credible explanations” for the presence of uranium particles found at two undeclared locations in Iran.

In addition, Western powers are asking for a “comprehensive report” to be issued by the IAEA on Iran’s nuclear efforts “at the latest” by spring 2025.

The resolution comes after the IAEA’s head Rafael Grossi returned from a trip to Tehran last week, where he appeared to have made headway. During the visit, Iran agreed to an IAEA demand to cap its sensitive stock of near weapons-grade uranium enriched up to 60% purity.

“Iran did not start the cycle of provocation — the Western side could, without passing a resolution… create the atmosphere for negotiations if it really was after talks,” the analyst Mohammadi said.

The 2015 nuclear deal and how we got here

In 2015, Iran and world powers reached an agreement that saw the easing of international sanctions on Tehran in exchange for curbs on its nuclear program. But the United States unilaterally withdrew from the accord in 2018 under then-president Donald Trump and reimposed biting economic sanctions, which prompted Iran to begin rolling back on its own commitments.

President Biden sought to revive parts of the deal during his first two years in office but was unsuccessful. 

Without offering any specific evidence for his assertion, U.S. House Intelligence Committee chairman Rep. Mike Turner claimed in an August interview on CBS News’ “Face the Nation” that Iran could declare itself a nuclear weapons state “by the end of the year,” blaming the Biden administration for what would mark a major escalation the U.S. has sought for years to avoid. 

Iran “might declare themselves a nuclear weapons state by the end of this year, with the reports have been — news reports have been out, stating that there is a possibility,” Turner told Face the Nation moderator Margaret Brennan. 

Pressed by Brennan about whether U.S. intelligence believed Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei had already decided, after many years insisting his country would not seek to develop a nuclear weapon, to change that policy, Turner answered: “No.”  

On Thursday, Iran’s deputy foreign minister for legal and international affairs Kazem Gharibabadi warned of Iran’s potential next step.

“Iran had announced in an official letter to European countries that it would withdraw from the NPT if the snapback mechanism was activated, and the Security Council sanctions were reinstated,” Gharibabadi said in a late-night interview with state TV.

The 2015 deal contains a “snapback” mechanism that can be triggered in case of “significant non-performance” of commitments by Iran.

This would allow many sanctions to be reimposed.

Tehran has since 2021 decreased its cooperation with the agency by deactivating surveillance devices monitoring the nuclear programme and barring UN inspectors.

At the same time, it has ramped up its nuclear activities, including by increasing its stockpiles of enriched uranium and the level of enrichment to 60%.

That level is close, according to the IAEA, to the 90%-plus threshold required for a nuclear warhead and substantially higher than the 3.67% limit it agreed to in 2015.