Prescription weight loss drugs have become so popular in the United States that suppliers have struggled to keep up. Jean Readdy, a retired teacher living in Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania, is among the one in eight Americans who have tried a GLP-1 drug for weight loss or diabetes, more commonly known by brand names like Ozempic and Wegovy.

Readdy, who has struggled with her weight for most of her life, told CBS News her weight affected her self-esteem and how she moved through the world.

“I didn’t like going out places,” Readdy admitted.

She reached her highest weight last October, right as her son was about to be married.

“I was embarrassed for him and I was embarrassed for myself,” said Readdy. 

Now, she’s one of a growing number of people turning to compounded drugs: reformulated versions the FDA has permitted pharmacies to distribute during an ongoing shortage of brand-name drugs.

Readdy’s decision to switch from a name brand to a compounded drug came down to price and availability. Paying $1,200 a month for the name-brand drug Zepbound wasn’t sustainable, and it was becoming impossible to find, she said.

And she’s not alone.

Readdy turned to online communities where thousands of people shared resources and where to find the drugs in short supply. On a Reddit forum, she read about the side effects, learned about alternatives, and eventually came across a spreadsheet with dozens of telehealth providers for prescription drugs used for weight loss. After weighing the risks and calling dozens of pharmacies, she eventually found one that provided her with injectable tirzepatide, the same active ingredient found in Zepbound. Readdy now pays $399 a month for her compounded medication.

CBS News identified more than 100 companies advertising access to tirzepatide or semaglutide, both active ingredients in name-brand GLP-1 drugs that regulate insulin and suppress appetite.

LegitScript, an organization that monitors and certifies online businesses, said it saw a 94% increase in companies applying for its healthcare certification since 2023. More than half of its recent applicants had a weight-loss focus on their website.

However, compounded drugs aren’t reviewed for efficacy and safety by the FDA.

“There is not a tremendous amount of oversight,” said CBS News medical contributor Dr. Celine Gounder. “There is a wide range in terms of the quality and the risks.”

Researchers who ordered and tested compounded semaglutide found some were contaminated and others contained more of the active ingredient than advertised.

Compounded drugs typically come with a needle and a vial, rather than a pre-filled pen, as the brand-name medications do. This can make them harder to administer and lead to potential dosing errors. The FDA issued warnings about administering the proper dosage of the drugs and the risks of using compounded semaglutide.

Still, many of the telehealth companies advertising compounded weight-loss drugs present them as the same as or “generic” versions of the brand-name medications. Nearly a quarter of the websites that CBS News identified did not disclose the drugs they were advertising were compounded. 

There is no FDA-approved generic version of brand-name weight loss drugs since pharmaceutical companies still hold patents on the medications. Some of the companies falsely claimed the drugs were FDA-approved. A few even allowed direct purchases without the required prescription.

The FDA is working closely with drugmakers and may restrict the manufacturing of compounded drugs as more versions of approved drugs come off the shortage list.

Last month, Eli Lilly announced it would reduce the cost of the lowest dose of its drug Zepbound to around $400 a month. It also launched its own telehealth company, LillyDirect.

Readdy, who has lost more than 50 pounds, said she intends to continue using her compounded medication.

“We’re very afraid actually that the drug is gonna be taken away,” she said. “I think it’s a miracle drug.”

In 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping the globe and people staying home and keeping their distance, Morgen Chesonis-Gonzalez did what about 41% of Americans did during that “anxiety-filled time”: She skipped a medical appointment. In her case, it was her annual screenings, which the Miami public school clinical art therapist typically did in the summer.

But that August, persistent pain in her armpit forced the mom of two to summon her courage and schedule a mammogram. The already-stressful situation was made even more alarming by protocols that made the hospital feel “like a ‘Twilight Zone’ episode,” Chesonis-Gonzalez said.

But the truly surreal moment came with her diagnosis. With two masks on and her husband listening in from the car, she had to ask the oncologist to repeat it, thinking she’d misheard.

She had two forms of breast cancer.

Treating two forms of breast cancer 

Chesonis-Gonzalez was diagnosed triple-negative breast cancer in her left breast, which does not have the receptors of other types of cancers and can be more aggressive and harder to treat. She also had a hormone receptor positive invasive ductal cancer in a separate area of the same breast. 

The two forms of cancer meant that Chesonis-Gonzalez would have to undergo aggressive treatment, said Dr. Starr Mautner, a breast surgical oncologist at Miami Cancer Institute in Florida. Mautner was one of the doctors on Chesonis-Gonzalez’ team. Having two forms of cancer at once like this is rare, Mautner said, but not unheard-of, estimating that it would likely happen only in about 5 or 6% of breast cancer patients. 

Treatment began just as the school year started. As she taught her students online, Chesonis-Gonzalez also underwent four months of chemotherapy meant to shrink her tumors. 

During those chemotherapy sessions, Chesonis-Gonzalez sat alone in the hospital, unable to have someone by her side because of pandemic restrictions. Friends and family couldn’t risk visiting, especially while she was immunocompromised, so meals with notes of well-wishes were left on the back porch. Her husband continued to attend oncology meetings by phone, taking notes in the hospital parking lot.

After the months of chemotherapy, Chesonis-Gonzalez underwent a bilateral mastectomy. 

“Since I was only 47, the anxiety of constantly worrying for the rest of my life when cancer might appear in the healthy breast was too much to bear,” Chesonis-Gonzalez said. Once again, she went into the hospital alone. The surgery included tissue expanders, or empty implants placed during surgery to make completing breast reconstruction easier later. 

After the surgery came physical therapy to regain the range of motion in her chest and shoulders. She had a specific goal in mind: To be able to raise her arms over her head and hold the position long enough for radiation treatment. The physical therapy was difficult, but eventually she was able to begin daily photon radiation sessions, targeting the right breast to ensure no cancer remained. 

Mautner said that after ten months of active treatment, there were no signs of cancer in any samples taken from Chesonis-Gonzalez. After six months of healing, she was able to get reconstruction surgery, exchanging the tissue expanders for breast implants. Now, three years later, Chesonis-Gonzalez is almost done with her maintenance endocrine therapy, which helps ensure that the cancer won’t return. 

Breast cancer symptoms and screenings 

One in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime, Mautner said. Mammograms are “crucial in detecting a potential problem in its beginning stages,” she said, and women should begin getting them regularly at age 40. 

People who are higher-risk due to genetic markers, family history or breast density should ask their doctors about a breast MRI, Mautner said, since that find lesions that a mammogram may not pick up. 

It’s also important to be aware of signs of breast cancer, said oncologist Dr. Christina Annunziata. Persistent pain in the armpit like Chesonis-Gonzalez experienced can be a sign, especially of more advanced cancer, she said. People should also watch for skin redness, changes in the breast’s nipple or a lump in the breast. Mautner added that discharge from the nipple can also be a sign of breast cancer. 

Annunziata said that while screenings dropped off during the pandemic, they have since returned to normal levels.